Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

The Assessment of Man–Made Litter on The Shores of The Dead Sea, Jordan and its Environmental Impact

Y. Abu-Rukah

Abstract


The present study deals with a very vital and important topic to a region witnessing rapid economic development, especially in the field of tourism. Many investment activities are going on, such as the construction of hotels, tourist villages, parks, etc. These activities collectively are responsible for a very complicated environmental situation in the region.
In the present study four sites (transects) at the Dead Sea beach, totalling an area 175000 m. long and 50 m. wide were surveyed for man–made litter. Of the 111,493 items observed in the survey 1.68% were animal residuals, 5.1% wood logs, 2.5 % tins, 1.91% cardbord, 22.46% sponge and cigarette filters, 24.86% coal, 8.62% food remains, 3.15% plastic bags, and 29.3% bottles. The author concluded that the litter discarded by tourists and other beach-goers is the main contributor to the problem, and riverine input is the second, especially wood debris. Solutions and recommendations to deal with this growing problem are suggested .

Keywords


Man–made litter, Dead Sea -Jordan, Environmental impacts

Full Text:

PDF


Disclaimer/Regarding indexing issue:

We have provided the online access of all issues and papers to the indexing agencies (as given on journal web site). It’s depend on indexing agencies when, how and what manner they can index or not. Hence, we like to inform that on the basis of earlier indexing, we can’t predict the today or future indexing policy of third party (i.e. indexing agencies) as they have right to discontinue any journal at any time without prior information to the journal. So, please neither sends any question nor expects any answer from us on the behalf of third party i.e. indexing agencies.Hence, we will not issue any certificate or letter for indexing issue. Our role is just to provide the online access to them. So we do properly this and one can visit indexing agencies website to get the authentic information. Also: DOI is paid service which provided by a third party. We never mentioned that we go for this for our any journal. However, journal have no objection if author go directly for this paid DOI service.