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Modelling of Salinity for Maintaining a Freshwater Reservoir- Gulf of Khambhat in India

Edward A. McBean, Homayoun Motiee

Abstract


Shortages of water for purposes of water supply and irrigation are at critical stages in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and hence in these regions managing water resources in a sustainable manner represents an important challenge particularly in the Asian countries like India. The State Government of Gujarat in India is considering the construction of a dam across the Gulf of Khambhat. The Gulf of Khambhat is known for its high tidal range, which is around 10 m. The 64 km long dam will have both a tidal-power impoundment and a freshwater impoundment, with the latter intended to respond to the needs for land reclamation, irrigation and municipal/industrial uses for the region.
Essential elements impacting the viability of the project include the timing to obtain freshwater conditions and the degree to which freshwater conditions can be sustained over the long term. During the monsoon period, the incoming waters will be stored in the freshwater reservoir, making the water available for withdrawal for purposes of irrigation and municipal/industrial water supply for the remainder of the year.
Since the ability to maintain the quality of the impounded water is one of the main concerns for the project viability, the potential salinity levels within the impoundment are examined. The results of simulations for different flow sequences show that it is possible to arrive to a stable condition of less than 1000 mg/L within 3 years with 37% probability, within 4 years with 71% probability, and within 5 years with 83% probability.

Keywords


Freshwater, Flushing time, Gulf of Khambhat, Hydrologic modeling, India, Kalpasar, Reservoir operation, Salinity modeling, Stratification, Tidal dam, Water quality

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